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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

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Universal and Translational Nanoparticulate CpG Adjuvant.

Dongdong Qiao1,2, Liyan Li1, Lixin Liu1,3

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|November 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Nanoparticulate CpG (npCpG) enhances immune responses and reduces toxicity for infectious disease prevention and cancer immunotherapy. This novel nanoadjuvant shows significant potential for vaccine development and therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
CpGflash nanocomplexationnanoadjuvanttranslational potentialuniversal performance

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Vaccine Development
  • Cancer Immunotherapy

Background:

  • CpG, a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist, potentiates cellular immunity but faces challenges with systemic toxicity and cellular uptake due to its negative charge.
  • Efficient delivery of CpG to endosomal TLR9 within immune cells is crucial for maximizing its adjuvant potential while minimizing off-target effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel nanoparticulate CpG adjuvant (npCpG) using scalable flash nanocomplexation technology.
  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of npCpG in enhancing both humoral and cellular immunity for infectious disease prevention and cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of npCpG by encapsulating CpG within a protamine and TPP physical cross-linking network.
  • Assessment of npCpG's biodistribution to reduce systemic diffusion and improve safety.
  • Evaluation of npCpG combined with influenza H1N1 hemagglutinin antigen and ovalbumin antigen in mouse models for immune response and therapeutic efficacy.

Main Results:

  • npCpG successfully redirected the adjuvant to draining lymph nodes, significantly reducing systemic diffusion and improving safety.
  • Combined npCpG with influenza antigen elicited robust humoral and cellular immunity, including high antibody titers, cytokine production, and splenocyte expansion.
  • npCpG combined with ovalbumin antigen demonstrated potent cytotoxic T-cell responses, inhibited tumor growth, and improved survival rates in a melanoma model.

Conclusions:

  • The developed nanoparticulate CpG adjuvant (npCpG) offers a promising strategy to enhance vaccine efficacy and immunotherapy outcomes.
  • npCpG exhibits universal performance in infectious disease prevention and tumor immunotherapy, highlighting its significant translational potential.