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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites
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High-Capacity Zinc Anode with 96 % Utilization Rate Enabled by Solvation Structure Design.

Mingming Wang1, Jiale Ma2, Yahan Meng1

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Sulfolane addition to aqueous electrolytes enhances zinc utilization in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZBs). This strategy reduces side reactions, enabling high zinc utilization rates and stable battery performance for large-scale energy storage.

Keywords:
Aqueous Zn BatteriesElectrolyte Solvation StructureHigh Zn Utilization RateLarge-Scale Energy StorageZn Anode

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZBs) are promising for grid-scale energy storage.
  • Low zinc utilization rate (ZUR) due to aqueous electrolyte side reactions limits AZB performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To improve ZUR in AZBs by engineering electrolyte solvation structure.
  • To investigate the effect of sulfolane (SL) on Zn anode stability and performance.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations to study Zn2+ solvation.
  • Experimental tests using symmetric and asymmetric AZB cells.
  • Electrochemical performance evaluation of Zn-V2O5 full cells and Zn-AC capacitors.

Main Results:

  • Sulfolane (SL) successfully remodeled the Zn2+ solvation shell, suppressing side reactions.
  • Achieved a maximum ZUR of ~96% at 24 mAh cm-2 in symmetric and asymmetric cells.
  • Demonstrated stable cycling for 500 cycles (Zn-V2O5) and 5000 cycles (Zn-AC capacitor) with high energy density.

Conclusions:

  • Electrolyte structural engineering via SL introduction is effective for high ZUR in AZBs.
  • This approach offers a new strategy for developing high-performance AZBs.
  • The findings provide insights into overcoming limitations in zinc anode utilization for energy storage applications.