X-ray microtomography applied to mortars: Review of microstructural visualization and parameterization

The objective of the present work is to review the main applications of X-ray microtomography in the microstructural study of mortars, based on a literature search related to the subject, and to enable the development of more innovative and sustainable mortar formulations. This three-dimensional non-destructive microscopy allows qualitative visualization down to micrometric scales, visualization of the spatial distribution of the interior of samples of objects relatively opaque to visible light and the measurement of quantitative microstructural parameters. Furthermore, the combination of X-ray microtomography with other microstructural and compositional techniques can result in data at different scales of observation. Particularly, in the study of mortars, there are benefits in using this technique to better characterize materials in terms of the spatial structure of pores and other voids, aiding in the formulation of new mortars and in the characterization of mortar behavior, for example, after leaching and carbonation processes. This paper intends to contribute to the discussion of the potentials and drawbacks of this advanced technique, allowing a better characterization of mortars and enabling the development of more innovative and sustainable formulations.