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Clinical and anatomical characteristics associated with obstructive sleep apnea severity in children

Maria Fernanda Bozzini1, Renata C Di Francesco1, Letícia A Soster1

  • 1Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)
|November 5, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Clinical and anatomical factors did not significantly impact obstructive sleep apnea severity in children with enlarged tonsils and adenoids. Further research is needed to understand the underlying causes of varying disease severity.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Craniofacial Anatomy

Background:

  • Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is a common cause of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children.
  • Understanding factors influencing OSA severity is crucial for effective management.
  • Clinical and anatomical characteristics may play a role in OSA severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between clinical and anatomical features and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study included 55 Brazilian children (4-9 years) with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and suspected OSA.
  • Children underwent polysomnography, clinical evaluations, and cephalometric analyses (Ricketts and Jarabak).
  • Participants were categorized into mild and moderate/severe OSA groups based on apnea-hypopnea index.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in clinical criteria were found between mild and moderate/severe OSA groups.
  • A significant difference in the facial depth angle (Ricketts analysis) was observed between the groups (p=0.010).
  • However, this single cephalometric measurement did not fully represent the child's growth pattern.

Conclusions:

  • Evaluated clinical criteria and craniofacial characteristics did not demonstrate a significant influence on obstructive sleep apnea severity.
  • The study suggests that other factors not assessed may contribute to OSA severity in this population.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildPolysomnographySleepSleep Apnea Syndromes

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