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Related Concept Videos

Norton Equivalent Circuits01:16

Norton Equivalent Circuits

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Norton's theorem is a fundamental concept in the field of electrical engineering that allows for the simplification of complex AC circuits. The theorem states that any two-terminal linear network can be replaced with an equivalent circuit that consists of an impedance, which is parallel with a constant current source. Figure 1 shows the AC circuit portioned into two parts: Circuit A and Circuit B, while Figure 2 depicts the circuit obtained by replacing Circuit A by its Norton equivalent...
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Integrating two fundamental energy storage elements in electrical circuits results in second-order circuits, encompassing RLC circuits and circuits with dual capacitors or inductors (RC and RL circuits). Second-order circuits are identified by second-order differential equations that link input and output signals.
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First-order electrical circuits, which comprise resistors and a single energy storage element - either a capacitor or an inductor, are fundamental to many electronic systems. These circuits are governed by a first-order differential equation that describes the relationship between input and output signals.
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The process of deriving the transfer function of a control system often involves reducing its block diagram to a single block. This simplification can be achieved through a series of strategic operations, including relocating branch points and comparators. These operations preserve the overall function of the system while allowing for easier manipulation and combination of blocks.
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Network Function of a Circuit

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Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
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The process of source transformation in the frequency domain entails the conversion of a voltage source, positioned in series with an impedance, into a current source that is parallel to an impedance, or the other way around. It is essential to maintain the following relationships while transitioning from one source type to another.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Optimizing counterdiabaticity by variational quantum circuits.

Dan Sun1, Pranav Chandarana2,3, Zi-Hua Xin1

  • 1International Center of Quantum Artificial Intelligence for Science and Technology (QuArtist) and Department of Physics, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|November 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a variational quantum circuit method to optimize counterdiabatic (CD) driving coefficients for faster quantum computations. This approach enhances fidelity in quantum state preparation compared to standard algorithms.

Keywords:
counterdiabatic drivingsimultaneous perturbation stochastic approximationvariational quantum circuits

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum computing
  • Quantum information science
  • Quantum control

Background:

  • Counterdiabatic (CD) driving is crucial for suppressing diabatic transitions in digitized adiabatic quantum evolution.
  • Improving approximate CD terms using nested commutator ansatz presents significant challenges in quantum protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel technique for determining optimal coefficients of CD terms.
  • To enhance the efficiency and fidelity of quantum algorithms through improved CD driving.

Main Methods:

  • A variational quantum circuit is employed to find optimal coefficients for CD terms.
  • Classical optimization routines are used to tune circuit parameters for coefficient determination.
  • The method is demonstrated on Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state preparation within the Ising model.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method successfully optimizes CD coefficients, leading to improved performance.
  • Exemplified performance enhancement in Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state preparation.
  • Demonstrated advantage over the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) in terms of fidelity within bounded time.

Conclusions:

  • The variational quantum circuit approach offers an effective strategy for optimizing CD driving terms.
  • This technique provides a pathway to more efficient and high-fidelity quantum state preparation.
  • The findings contribute to the advancement of shortcuts to adiabaticity in quantum information processing.