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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
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Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
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Nitrogen deposition from aviation emissions.

Flávio D A Quadros1, Marijn van Loo1, Mirjam Snellen1

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Global aviation nitrogen (NOx) emissions significantly increased nitrogen deposition by 72% between 2005 and 2019. This study quantifies aviation

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition from sectors like agriculture and transportation negatively impacts natural environments.
  • Understanding sector-specific contributions is crucial for effective conservation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the contribution of global aviation nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions to nitrogen deposition for the years 2005 and 2019.
  • To assess the spatial distribution and deposition pathways of aviation-related nitrogen.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a global atmospheric chemistry-transport model.
  • Quantified NOx emissions from global aviation.
  • Analyzed nitrogen deposition patterns and contributions from aviation.

Main Results:

  • Aviation contributed an additional 1.39 Tg of nitrogen deposition globally in 2019, a 72% increase from 2005.
  • Wet deposition accounted for 67% of aviation's nitrogen deposition.
  • In 2019, aviation represented 0.66% (Asia), 1.13% (Europe), and 1.61% (North America) of total modeled nitrogen deposition.

Conclusions:

  • Aviation's impact on nitrogen deposition is spatially widespread, with significant deposition over water bodies.
  • Landing, taxi, and takeoff (LTO) phases contribute substantially to deposition in high-activity regions.
  • Future aviation growth will likely increase nitrogen deposition impacts and associated critical load exceedances.