[Pituitary and COVID-19: review].

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Virology
• Pathology

Background:

• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic, leading to millions of deaths.
• The virus utilizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and TMPRSS2 for cellular entry, which are expressed in key endocrine glands.

Approach:

• This review synthesizes current research on COVID-19's effects on patients with hypothalamic-pituitary diseases.
• It also explores management strategies for endocrine disorders during the pandemic.

Key Points:

• Endocrine glands such as the pituitary, pancreas, thyroid, ovaries, and testes are potential direct targets for SARS-CoV-2.
• Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus are identified as significant risk factors for severe COVID-19.
• Understanding the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the endocrine system is crucial for patient care.

Conclusions:

• The endocrine system may be directly impacted by SARS-CoV-2, influencing disease severity.
• Effective management of endocrinopathies in COVID-19 patients requires careful consideration of viral interactions.