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Does Prophylactic Oral Zinc Reduce the Risk of Contracting COVID-19?

Sean D Adrean1, Kenneth Schmitt2, Caleb Ng1

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|November 7, 2022
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Summary

Zinc in Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) vitamins does not appear to reduce the risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study found no significant protective effect from AREDS2 vitamin use against COVID-19 infection.

Keywords:
areds vitaminscovid-19macular degenerationophthalmologypublic healthzinc supplementation

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) formulation includes zinc, a mineral with potential immune-modulating properties.
  • Interest in nutritional supplements for preventing or mitigating viral infections, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has increased.
  • The potential role of zinc in the context of COVID-19 prevention warrants investigation, particularly among individuals using AREDS2 vitamins for ocular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if zinc supplementation, as part of AREDS2 vitamins, is associated with a reduced risk of contracting COVID-19.
  • To analyze the relationship between AREDS2 vitamin use and COVID-19 diagnosis in a patient cohort.
  • To assess demographic and ocular history factors in patients who contracted COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted.
  • Patients at a retina-only practice completed questionnaires regarding COVID-19 symptoms and diagnosis.
  • A Pearson's chi-squared test was used to analyze the association between AREDS2 vitamin use and COVID-19 positivity.

Main Results:

  • Out of 8,426 patients, 110 (1.3%) reported a positive COVID-19 test.
  • Among COVID-19 positive patients, 27.3% used AREDS2 vitamins, while 72.7% did not.
  • The chi-squared analysis showed no statistically significant association between AREDS2 vitamin use and COVID-19 contraction (p=0.667).

Conclusions:

  • Oral zinc supplementation, specifically in the AREDS2 vitamin formulation, is not associated with a protective effect against contracting COVID-19.
  • The findings suggest that AREDS2 vitamins do not offer a significant preventative benefit against COVID-19 infection.
  • Further research may be needed to explore other potential roles of zinc or other nutrients in viral infections.