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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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ADHD Diagnostic Trends: Increased Recognition or Overdiagnosis?

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) prevalence is rising due to diagnostic changes and increased awareness. However, disparities persist in diagnosing ADHD, especially in underrepresented groups, highlighting the need for better evaluation and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rising Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) prevalence prompts debate on diagnostic practices and potential disparities.
  • Concerns exist regarding overdiagnosis and overprescription of stimulant medications versus underdiagnosis in minority populations.
  • Historical evolution of ADHD diagnostic criteria has broadened its definition over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the historical evolution of ADHD diagnostic criteria.
  • To explore factors contributing to increased ADHD prevalence, including diagnostic broadening and awareness.
  • To investigate diagnostic disparities in underrepresented populations and the impact of untreated ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Historical analysis of ADHD diagnostic criteria from the 19th century to the present DSM.
  • Review of literature on ADHD prevalence trends and contributing factors.
  • Examination of diagnostic disparities in underrepresented groups, women, and minorities.

Main Results:

  • ADHD diagnostic criteria have broadened significantly since their inception.
  • Increased physician and public awareness contributes to higher reported ADHD prevalence.
  • Disparities in ADHD detection and diagnosis persist, particularly in women and minority groups.

Conclusions:

  • Broadened diagnostic criteria and increased awareness are key drivers of rising ADHD prevalence.
  • Addressing diagnostic disparities is crucial for equitable ADHD identification and treatment.
  • Accurate ADHD diagnosis and treatment are vital for improving patient outcomes in social, professional, and personal life.