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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Author Spotlight: RNA FISH for Locating lncRNA-SNHG6 in Osteosarcoma Cells
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Non-coding RNAs as potential biomarkers in osteosarcoma.

Lijuan Fan1,2, Zhenhao Zhong3, Yubo Lin4

  • 1Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China.

Frontiers in Genetics
|November 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) show promise as biomarkers for osteosarcoma (OS), a bone cancer affecting children and adolescents. This review explores their role in OS diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Keywords:
biomarkerdiagnosisnon-coding RNAsosteosarcomaprognosistreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone cancer with high mortality, particularly in children and adolescents.
  • The exact causes and progression of OS remain unclear, hindering early detection due to a lack of effective biomarkers.
  • Abnormally expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly identified in OS through advanced sequencing technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current applications of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as biomarkers in osteosarcoma (OS).
  • To discuss the potential of ncRNAs in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of OS.
  • To highlight limitations and future directions for ncRNA-based OS biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in osteosarcoma (OS).
  • Analysis of next-generation and high-throughput sequencing data identifying ncRNA expression patterns in OS.
  • Synthesis of evidence on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in OS.

Main Results:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, are frequently dysregulated in osteosarcoma (OS).
  • These ncRNAs play significant roles in the development and advancement of OS.
  • Emerging evidence supports the use of ncRNAs as potential biomarkers for OS.

Conclusions:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent promising novel biomarkers for osteosarcoma (OS).
  • Further research is needed to overcome limitations and fully realize the clinical utility of ncRNAs in OS management.
  • ncRNAs offer potential for improved early detection, targeted therapies, and prognosis prediction in OS.