Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 22, 2025
Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
Published on: July 24, 2019
A Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Sensitivity of Finger Tapping to Medication Effects in Parkinson's Disease
Eva Thijssen1,2, Soma Makai-Bölöni1,2, Emilie van Brummelen1
1Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden Netherlands.
Background:
Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS III) is the gold standard for assessing medication effects in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, short and rater-independent measurements would be ideal for future trials.
Objectives:
To assess the ability of 3 different finger tapping tasks to detect levodopa/carbidopa-induced changes over time and to determine their correlation and compare their discriminatory power with MDS-UPDRS III.
Methods:
This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover study in 20 patients with PD receiving levodopa/carbidopa and placebo capsules after overnight medication withdrawal. Pre- and up to 3.5 hours postdose, MDS-UPDRS III and tapping tasks were performed. Tasks included 2 touchscreen-based alternate finger tapping tasks (index finger versus index-middle finger tapping) and a thumb-index finger task using a goniometer.
Results:
In the alternate index finger tapping task, levodopa/carbidopa compared with placebo resulted in significantly faster (total taps: 12.5 [95% confidence interval, CI, 6.7-18.2]) and less accurate tapping (total spatial error: 240 mm [95% CI, 123-357 mm]) with improved rhythm (intertap interval standard deviation [SD], -16.3% [95% CI, -29.9% to 0.0%]). In the thumb-index finger task, tapping was significantly faster (mean opening velocity, 151 degree/s [64-237 degree/s]), with a higher mean amplitude (8.4 degrees [3.7-13.0 degrees]) and improved rhythm (intertap interval SD, -46.4% [95% CI, -63.7% to -20.9%]). The speed-related endpoints showed a moderate-to-strong correlation with the MDS-UPDRS III (r = 0.45-0.70). The effect sizes of total taps and spatial error in the alternate index finger tapping task and opening velocity in the thumb-index finger task were comparable with the MDS-UPDRS III. In contrast, the MDS-UPDRS III performed better than the alternate index-middle finger task.
Conclusion:
The alternate index finger and the thumb-index finger tapping tasks provide short, rater-independent measurements that are sensitive to levodopa/carbidopa effects with a similar effect size as the MDS-UPDRS III.
