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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Signs of Puberty01:27

Signs of Puberty

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Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...
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Hormonal Regulation01:40

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Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
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An overview of deep learning applications in precocious puberty and thyroid dysfunction.

Misbah Razzaq1, Frédérique Clément2, Romain Yvinec1,2

  • 1PRC, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|November 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Deep learning is revolutionizing endocrinology research for hormone disorders. This review covers applications in thyroid dysfunction and precocious puberty, offering insights into model selection and interpretation for better diagnosis.

Keywords:
artificial intelligencedeep learningendocrinologyimbalanced dataprecocious pubertysupervised learningthyroid dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Deep learning methods have gained significant traction in endocrinology over the past decade.
  • Endocrine disorders, including those related to hormone production and timing, present complex diagnostic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current deep learning applications in endocrinology research.
  • To provide an accessible overview of deep learning for a broader audience.
  • To focus on research trends in thyroid dysfunction classification and precocious puberty diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction to deep learning and common architectures.
  • Review of research trends and applications in specific endocrine disorders.
  • Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, and solutions for deep learning approaches.
  • Discussion of practical considerations for model selection and interpretation.

Main Results:

  • Deep learning shows promise in classifying thyroid dysfunction.
  • Deep learning aids in the diagnosis of precocious puberty.
  • Identified strengths and weaknesses of various deep learning models in endocrinology.

Conclusions:

  • Deep learning offers powerful tools for advancing endocrine disorder research and diagnosis.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges and optimize deep learning model implementation.
  • Practical guidance is provided for developing and understanding deep learning models in this field.