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Author Spotlight: A Personalized Approach Towards Investigating Alzheimer's Disease Using an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model

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The Blood-Brain Barrier in Neuroimmune Interactions and Pathological Processes.

A S Dyatlova¹, N S Novikova¹, B G Yushkov²

¹Institute of Experimental Medicine (IEM), St. Petersburg, Russia.

Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences

|November 7, 2022

Summary

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a selective filter, regulating brain immunity and neuroimmune interactions. This review examines BBB functions in diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, MS, and COVID-19.

Keywords:

COVID-19 blood−brain barrier neurodegenerative diseases neuroimmune interactions

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Immunology
Pathology

Background:

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical interface regulating brain homeostasis and immune surveillance.
It plays a vital role in neuroimmune interactions, controlling the passage of substances into the central nervous system.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the molecular and cellular characteristics of the BBB.
To explore the five primary pathways of BBB-mediated neuroimmune communication.
To discuss the BBB's role in neuroinflammation associated with neurological diseases and viral infections.

Main Methods:

Literature review and analysis of existing research on BBB structure and function.
Examination of studies detailing neuroimmune pathways.
Synthesis of data on BBB dysfunction in specific disease contexts.

Main Results:

Detailed description of BBB features and its regulatory functions in neuroimmunity.
Identification of five key pathways for neuroimmune communication across the BBB.
Evidence of BBB dysfunction in multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and COVID-19.

Conclusions:

The BBB is crucial for maintaining brain immune privilege and regulating neuroinflammation.
BBB dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders and infections.
Understanding BBB mechanisms offers therapeutic targets for CNS diseases.