Design of biopolymer-based hemostatic material: Starting from molecular structures and forms

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Hemostasis Research
• Polymer Chemistry

Background:

• Uncontrolled bleeding is a major cause of death in critical situations.
• Biopolymers offer biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity for hemostatic material development.
• Understanding physiological hemostasis and material properties is crucial for designing effective agents.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current hemostatic strategies and the development of biopolymer-based hemostatic materials.
• To summarize hemostatic mechanisms at molecular and macroscopic levels.
• To highlight challenges and propose future directions for biopolymer hemostats.

Main Methods:

• Recapitulation of common hemostatic strategies.
• Summary of biopolymer-based hemostatic material development status.
• Analysis of hemostatic mechanisms based on molecular structure and material form.

Main Results:

• Detailed review of biopolymer hemostatic materials, including polysaccharides and polypeptides.
• Microscopic perspective on molecular structures and chemical modifications influencing hemostasis.
• Macroscopic comparison of different material forms (powder, sponge, hydrogel, gauze).

Conclusions:

• Biopolymers are promising for next-generation hemostatic materials.
• Design considerations span from molecular chemistry to macroscopic form.
• Future research should focus on chemistry, advanced forms, and clinical translation.