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Related Experiment Video

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Abnormalities in microbial composition and function in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis: A single-center

Huan Huang1, Qian Peng1, Yuli Zhang1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|November 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in infants is linked to significant changes in gut microbiota composition and function. These alterations impact key metabolic pathways, offering insights into NEC pathogenesis.

Keywords:
16S rRNAPICRUSt2intestinal microbiotanecrotizing enterocolitisneonatal

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal condition affecting premature infants.
  • The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in infant gut health and development.
  • Understanding the gut microbiome's role in NEC is vital for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct features and functional capacity of the intestinal microbiota in neonates diagnosed with NEC.
  • To compare the gut microbiota composition and function between infants with NEC and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Collected clinical data and stool samples from 19 neonates (9 NEC, 10 controls).
  • Utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing for gut microbiota analysis.
  • Employed PICRUSt2 for functional prediction of microbial pathways.

Main Results:

  • While alpha diversity was similar, beta diversity revealed significant structural differences in gut microbiota between NEC and control groups.
  • Increased abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased levels of Firmicutes, Enterococcus, Streptococcaceae, and Lactobacillales were observed in infants with NEC.
  • Functional analysis indicated a decline in pathways such as galactose metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in NEC infants.

Conclusions:

  • NEC is associated with significant alterations in the composition and function of the neonatal intestinal microbiota.
  • These microbial shifts, particularly the enrichment of Proteobacteria, may contribute to NEC pathogenesis.
  • Further research into the gut microbiota-NEC relationship can inform diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.