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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
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Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

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The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
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Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

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Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
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The Bronchial Tree01:23

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The human bronchi and bronchial tree play a crucial role in the respiratory system, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Let's delve into the intricate structure and functions of these respiratory components.
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Related Experiment Video

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A Mouse Model of Chronic Liver Fibrosis for the Study of Biliary Atresia
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Hepatic involvement in children with acute bronchiolitis.

Hasan M Isa1,2, Asma Z Hasan3, Sara I Khalifa1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama 12, Bahrain.

World Journal of Hepatology
|November 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can affect liver enzymes in children with acute bronchiolitis. While liver involvement is uncommon, elevated ALT levels may correlate with longer hospital stays and positive urine cultures.

Keywords:
Acute bronchiolitisChildrenLiver function testsRespiratory syncytial virus

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children.
  • Hepatocellular involvement, indicated by elevated liver enzymes like alanine transaminase (ALT), can occur with RSV infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of elevated liver enzymes in children diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis.
  • To investigate the correlation between heightened liver enzyme levels and various clinical, laboratory, and radiological factors.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 166 children admitted with acute bronchiolitis between 2019 and 2020.
  • Data collected included demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory results (including liver enzymes and coagulation profiles), and radiological findings.
  • Patients with elevated liver enzymes were compared to those with normal levels.

Main Results:

  • Of 166 patients, 14 (8.7%) exhibited elevated ALT levels at presentation.
  • Elevated ALT showed a significant association with prolonged hospital stays (P < 0.05) and positive urine cultures (P < 0.05).
  • Hepatomegaly was observed in 5 patients (21.7%), with one case suggestive of fatty infiltration.

Conclusions:

  • Acute bronchiolitis in children typically involves minimal liver function abnormalities, suggesting a generally benign course.
  • A trend of rising ALT levels was noted during follow-up.
  • Prolonged hospitalization and positive urine cultures were identified as factors associated with elevated liver enzymes.