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Automated infection risks assessments (AIRa) for decision-making using a blockchain-based alert system: A case study

Paul Kengfai Wan1, Lizhen Huang1, Zhichen Lai1

  • 1Department of Manufacturing and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway.

Environmental Research
|November 7, 2022
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Summary

This study introduces AIRa, a novel blockchain system using CO2 sensors and risk assessments to alert building owners about airborne virus transmission risks. It enhances indoor air quality management and decision-making for safer environments.

Keywords:
BlockchainDecision-makingDigital forensicsIAQIoTRisk assessmentSmart building

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Building Science
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Poor indoor air quality (IAQ) and inadequate ventilation significantly increase airborne virus transmission in enclosed spaces.
  • Existing ventilation systems are often insufficient for pandemic conditions, leading to indoor environments becoming transmission hotspots.
  • Current infection risk assessments lack integrated data sharing and smart sensor capabilities for real-time decision support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and prototype a system that integrates IAQ monitoring with infection risk assessment for enhanced airborne virus transmission control.
  • To address the gap in smart building solutions that support informed decision-making for building owners and stakeholders.
  • To propose a post-pandemic approach to managing infection risks in indoor environments.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a blockchain-based prototype system named AIRa.
  • Integrated CO2 smart sensor data with infection risk assessments.
  • Developed two alert types (P-Alert and R0-Alert) for building owner decision-making.

Main Results:

  • The AIRa prototype demonstrates benefits over existing infection-control alert systems.
  • Information shared includes timestamps and room numbers, prioritizing privacy over personal data.
  • The system enables track and trace functionality without requiring QR codes or mobile app downloads.

Conclusions:

  • AIRa offers a privacy-preserving, integrated solution for assessing and managing airborne virus transmission risks in smart buildings.
  • The system supports timely interventions like adjusting ventilation rates or initiating contact tracing.
  • Further multidisciplinary research is essential for advancing alert formulation and system capabilities in smart environments.