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Autotoxin-mediated latecomer killing in yeast communities.

Arisa H Oda1, Miki Tamura1, Kunihiko Kaneko1,2,3

  • 1Department of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

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|November 7, 2022
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Yeast cells adapt to glucose depletion by releasing autotoxins that kill latecomers. Some cells differentiate to survive these toxins, ensuring community survival and potentially guiding unicellular to multicellular evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Cellular adaptation is crucial for microbial survival during environmental stress like starvation.
  • Uniform community responses can jeopardize survival and fitness.
  • Understanding yeast community dynamics during nutrient depletion is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the survival strategies of yeast communities facing glucose depletion.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of intercellular communication and competition within yeast populations.
  • To explore the evolutionary implications of yeast autotoxin production.

Main Methods:

  • Observing yeast community behavior under glucose-limiting conditions.
  • Identifying and quantifying autotoxin compounds released by yeast cells.
  • Assessing the effects of autotoxins on both adapted and non-adapted yeast cells.
  • Comparing autotoxin-mediated behaviors across different yeast species.

Main Results:

  • Yeast communities exhibit an adaptive response to glucose depletion involving 'latecomer killing'.
  • Specific autotoxins, including leucic acid and L-2keto-3methylvalerate, are released, capable of killing even clonal cells.
  • A subset of yeast cells differentiates to resist autotoxins, enabling selective survival.
  • Phylogenetically diverse yeast species (fission and budding) utilize similar autotoxins for this behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Latecomer killing via autotoxins is a conserved survival mechanism in yeast.
  • This intercellular communication system may play a role in the evolution of multicellularity.
  • Cellular differentiation is a critical factor for yeast community resilience during starvation.