CsPbI₃/N-GQDs dual layer phosphor-converted white-LEDs with ultrahigh luminous efficiency and color rendering index

Phosphor-converted LEDs or pc-LEDs, as a solid-state lighting source, are attractive for next-generation display technologies because of their energy savings, and green environmentally friendly nature. Recently, white LEDs are being produced commercially by coating blue LED (440-470 nm) chips with various yellow-emitting phosphors. However, the LEDs produced by this technique often exhibit high correlated color temperature (CCT) and low color rendering index (CRI) values, due to sufficient red spectral components not being present, and thus aren't suitable for commercial grade white illumination. To circumvent this drawback, our work reports for the first time the use of blue and green-emitting nitrogen-functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) coupled with red-emitting CsPbI₃NCs for phosphor-based LED applications. We deployed near-UV to visible excitable red-emitting perovskite CsPbI₃nanocrystals which contribute toward the red spectral component, thus greatly improving the CRI of the LEDs. CsPbI₃nanocrystals are optically excited by nitrogen-functionalized GQD with blue and green emissions in a remote double-layer phosphor stack technique. This double phosphor layer stacking greatly improves both the CRI and luminous efficiency of radiation (LER), which usually has a trade-off in previously reported phosphor stacks. A CCT of ∼5182 K providing daylight white tonality, with superior CRI (∼90%) and ultrahigh LER (∼250 lumens/watt) are reported, which are significantly higher than the established benchmarks.