Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 22, 2025
09:28
Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft Models for Human Urothelial Cell Carcinoma and Colorectal Cancer Tumor Growth and Spontaneous Metastasis
Published on: May 12, 2019
10.3K
Urothelial Carcinoma: Divergent Differentiation and Morphologic Subtypes
Jatin Gandhi1, Jie-Fu Chen2, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie2
1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Surgical Pathology Clinics
|November 7, 2022
Summary
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) can show diverse differentiation patterns. This review details histologic, molecular, and clinical features of these UC subtypes, aiding accurate diagnosis and reporting.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pathology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Urothelial carcinoma (UC) presents diverse morphologic and molecular features.
- 15-25% of invasive UC shows divergent differentiation or specific subtypes.
- Accurate reporting of these features is recommended for patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review histologic characteristics of divergent differentiation and subtypes in UC.
- To provide updates on molecular and clinical features based on the latest WHO classification.
- To enhance understanding of UC heterogeneity.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature and the latest WHO classification of urothelial carcinoma.
- Analysis of histologic features associated with divergent differentiation and subtypes.
- Compilation of molecular and clinical data for recognized UC variants.
Main Results:
- Detailed description of histologic criteria for various UC divergent differentiation and subtypes.
- Summary of key molecular alterations linked to specific morphologic patterns.
- Overview of clinical implications and prognostic relevance of identified subtypes.
Conclusions:
- Recognizing divergent differentiation and subtypes in UC is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
- Molecular insights are refining our understanding of UC's complex biology.
- This review provides a comprehensive guide to the latest WHO classification of UC variants.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium
9.4K
Stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. They provide the durability to withstand constant physical and chemical attacks. Stratified epithelium is named after the shape of the most apical layer of cells. Stratified squamous epithelium is the most common type found in the human body. In this tissue, the apical cells are squamous, whereas the basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells. The basal cells divide to form new daughter cells, which gradually become...
9.4K
01:22Ureters
656
The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
656
01:26Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
32
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
32
01:11Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters
73
The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
73
01:26Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction
37
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
37
01:23Urinary Bladder
1.3K
The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
1.3K