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Viral Recombination

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Published on: April 8, 2009

Monkeypox Virus Infections.

¹Emerging Infectious Disease Laboratory, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, 1000 N. Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA.

Perspectives in Medical Virology

|November 8, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis caused by the monkeypox virus (MPV), endemic in Africa. Smallpox vaccination offers significant protection against MPV infection.

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Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2

Published on: April 10, 2009

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Last Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Published on: April 8, 2009

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression

Published on: May 15, 2014

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2

Published on: April 10, 2009

Area of Science:

Virology
Zoonotic Diseases
Public Health

Background:

Monkeypox is an uncommon viral zoonosis caused by the monkeypox virus (MPV), a large, double-stranded DNA virus.
MPV is endemic in central and western Africa, typically transmitted through contact with infected rodents and squirrels.
The virus is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus within the Chordopoxviridae family.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the characteristics of monkeypox virus (MPV) infection.
To outline the transmission routes and clinical course of MPV.
To discuss the efficacy of vaccinia virus (smallpox vaccine) for MPV prevention and post-exposure prophylaxis.

Main Methods:

Review of observational studies on human monkeypox cases in Africa.
Analysis of MPV transmission dynamics, incubation period, and infectivity period.
Evaluation of vaccinia virus vaccine efficacy and post-exposure vaccination recommendations.

Main Results:

MPV infection has an incubation period of 10-14 days and is infectious during the first week of rash.
Transmission occurs via skin abrasions, respiratory mucosa, or ingestion.
Vaccinia virus (smallpox vaccine) provides approximately 85% protection against MPV.

Conclusions:

Post-exposure smallpox vaccination is recommended for high-risk individuals, including healthcare workers and laboratory personnel.
Vaccination is a critical tool for controlling MPV outbreaks.
Understanding MPV transmission and clinical presentation is vital for public health interventions.