Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

45.2K
Overview
45.2K
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

184
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
184
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

7.8K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
7.8K
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

488
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
488
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

26.3K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
26.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A longitudinal, multi-omic atlas reveals the emergence of a spatially organized immunosuppressive ecosystem in resistant melanoma.

Cell reports. Medicine·2026
Same author

Spatial proteomics of breast ductal carcinoma in situ reveal distinct regional differences.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Influenza A virus derived NS1 enhances translation of HPLC purified mRNA and interferon adjuvanted mRNA vaccination.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Vaccination Against Pathogens Targeting Cell-Derived Cryptic Antigens.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2025
Same author

Controlling Release Kinetics of an Adjuvant from a Depot Improves the Efficacy of Local Immunotherapy in Metastatic Cancer.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

KLF2 inhibition expands tumor-resident T cells and enhances tumor immunity.

Research square·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay
09:14

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay

Published on: January 26, 2019

11.0K

The Quest for mRNA Vaccines.

Eli Gilboa1, David Boczkowski2, Smita K Nair2,3,4,5

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

Nucleic Acid Therapeutics
|November 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics, once doubted due to instability, have revolutionized medicine. Early research demonstrated mRNA

Keywords:
COVID-19dendritic cellsmRNAvaccines

More Related Videos

Evaluating the Immune Response of a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant Vaccine Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA Infection
07:32

Evaluating the Immune Response of a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant Vaccine Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA Infection

Published on: September 1, 2023

2.0K
Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection
12:09

Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection

Published on: May 2, 2011

42.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 22, 2025

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay
09:14

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay

Published on: January 26, 2019

11.0K
Evaluating the Immune Response of a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant Vaccine Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA Infection
07:32

Evaluating the Immune Response of a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant Vaccine Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA Infection

Published on: September 1, 2023

2.0K
Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection
12:09

Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection

Published on: May 2, 2011

42.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) was historically considered chemically unstable for therapeutic use, facing significant skepticism.
  • Over 30 years of research, including pivotal work by Kariko and Weissman, paved the way for mRNA vaccine development.
  • Early therapeutic applications of mRNA faced challenges in clinical development and scalability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development and therapeutic potential of messenger RNA (mRNA).
  • To highlight key studies demonstrating mRNA's efficacy as a therapeutic agent.
  • To trace the evolution from early dendritic cell-based mRNA therapies to modern direct mRNA injection protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Review of seminal studies and clinical trials involving mRNA therapeutics.
  • Analysis of the progression from *in vitro* transfection of dendritic cells (DCs) to direct patient administration.
  • Examination of the challenges and breakthroughs in mRNA delivery and application.

Main Results:

  • Initial studies showed *in vitro* mRNA-transfected dendritic cells inhibited tumor growth in mice.
  • First-in-human clinical trials utilized patient-specific DCs-mRNA for cancer vaccines.
  • Despite challenges with personalized cell therapies, these findings spurred further innovation in mRNA delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) has proven to be a viable and revolutionary therapeutic modality.
  • Early dendritic cell-based mRNA therapies provided critical proof-of-concept and motivation for further research.
  • The development of direct mRNA injection protocols culminated in highly effective COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, showcasing mRNA's broad applicability.