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Related Concept Videos

Natural Selection and Adaptation01:15

Natural Selection and Adaptation

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Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations,...
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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Visualizing Visual Adaptation
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Adapt or perish.

Rohan B H Williams1

  • 1Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Elife
|November 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wastewater treatment plants harbor microbial communities that are key to understanding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development. Studying these microbes reveals crucial mechanisms driving AMR spread in the environment.

Keywords:
antimicrobial resistanceinfectious diseasemetagenomicsmicrobiologymicrobiomenonewastewater treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) research
  • Wastewater treatment technologies

Background:

  • Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) host diverse microbial ecosystems.
  • These ecosystems are critical reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs).
  • Understanding microbial dynamics in WWTPs is essential for tracking AMR evolution.

Discussion:

  • Microbial communities in WWTPs are shaped by selective pressures, including antibiotic residues.
  • Analysis of microbial consortia can elucidate the genetic and functional basis of AMR.
  • These insights are vital for assessing the environmental dissemination of resistance.

Key Insights:

  • Wastewater microbiomes offer a unique window into the emergence and spread of AMR.
  • Specific microbial taxa and their interactions influence the maintenance of ARGs.
  • The composition of the microbiome directly correlates with the prevalence of resistance mechanisms.

Outlook:

  • Targeted interventions in WWTPs could mitigate AMR proliferation.
  • Further research on microbial consortia can inform public health strategies against AMR.
  • Harnessing knowledge of WWTP microbiomes may lead to novel AMR control methods.