Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

9.1K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
9.1K
Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence01:26

Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence

575
Fluorescence and phosphorescence are essential phenomena in fields like analytical chemistry, biological imaging, and materials science, where they detect molecular properties and visualize cellular structures. Understanding the variables that influence these luminescent behaviors is crucial for maximizing accuracy and efficiency in their applications. These variables can broadly be grouped into chemical structure, solvent properties, and external conditions, each playing a distinct role in...
575
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

43.8K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
43.8K
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

12.2K
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
12.2K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

27.2K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
27.2K
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

455
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
455

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Contributions and Limitations of Lokomat<sup>®</sup> on Gait Rehabilitation of Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review.

Physical & occupational therapy in pediatrics·2026
Same author

Gait event detection using hybrid EMG/IMU systems: effect of SENIAM-constrained sensor placement on lower limb segments.

Journal of biomechanics·2026
Same author

Correction: Heat shock factor-1 alleviates ER-stress in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Boranil Chelates as Antennae for Ytterbium(III) Luminescence Sensitization.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

The Many Facets of Metal-Binding Peptides.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Superior capsule reconstruction with long biceps plus infraspinatus partial repair vs isolated biceps tenotomy in massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears.

Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation
11:20

An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation

Published on: August 30, 2017

7.5K

Sensitization Pathways in NIR-Emitting Yb(III) Complexes Bearing 0, +1, +2, or +3 Charges.

Emilie Mathieu1, Salauat R Kiraev1, Daniel Kovacs1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

New Ytterbium(III) complexes with macrocyclic ligands show tunable luminescence. Researchers explored how ligand modifications affect Yb(III) sensitization and reduction potentials, finding consistent luminescence efficiency despite varying charges.

More Related Videos

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids
08:04

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids

Published on: May 27, 2020

8.5K
Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
07:24

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Published on: April 14, 2020

17.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 22, 2025

An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation
11:20

An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation

Published on: August 30, 2017

7.5K
Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids
08:04

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids

Published on: May 27, 2020

8.5K
Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
07:24

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Published on: April 14, 2020

17.4K

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Photophysics
  • Lanthanide Complexes

Background:

  • Macrocyclic ligands are crucial for stabilizing metal ions.
  • Carbostyril chromophores are used for lanthanide sensitization.
  • Tuning charge and donor groups impacts complex properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Synthesize Yb(III) complexes with macrocyclic ligands and carbostyril chromophores.
  • Investigate the effect of ligand donor groups (carboxylate vs. carbamide) and overall charge on complex properties.
  • Analyze Yb(III)/Yb(II) reduction potentials and Yb(III) luminescence sensitization.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Yb(III) complexes with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane derivatives.
  • Paramagnetic 1H NMR spectroscopy to determine coordination geometry.
  • Cyclic voltammetry to measure reduction potentials.
  • Photoluminescence spectroscopy to quantify sensitization and quantum yields.

Main Results:

  • Coordination geometry was largely unaffected by carboxylate/amide substitution.
  • Yb(III)/Yb(II) reduction potentials shifted with complex charge, becoming easier to reduce for more positive charges.
  • Carbostyril excitation led to Yb(III) luminescence in all complexes.
  • Photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) from carbostyril to Yb(III) was observed, evidenced by decreased carbostyril fluorescence.
  • Luminescence quantum yields were generally constant, except for a +3 charged complex with methylated amides, which showed enhanced emission.
  • NH vibrations quenched Yb(III) emission, and faster PeT did not improve sensitization efficiency due to competing phonon-assisted energy transfer (PAEnT).

Conclusions:

  • Ligand design offers control over Yb(III) complex properties, including reduction potential.
  • Photoinduced electron transfer and phonon-assisted energy transfer play significant roles in Yb(III) sensitization.
  • Despite challenges like NH vibrational quenching, Yb(III) complexes remain promising luminescent materials.