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Assessment of Respiration01:23

Assessment of Respiration

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The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like...
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Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
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Gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic studies are pivotal in confirming, ruling out, diagnosing, or staging various diseases, including cancers. Following diagnosis, allocating time for discussions with the patient and providing informational resources is crucial. Diagnostic assessments of the GI tract often occur in outpatient settings like endoscopy suites or GI labs. Preparation for these tests may include dietary restrictions, fasting, liquid bowel preparations, laxatives, enemas, and the...
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Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
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Intelligent COVID-19 screening platform based on breath analysis.

Cuili Xue1, Xiaohong Xu2, Zexi Liu3

  • 1Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Breath Research
|November 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

An intelligent system using breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and machine learning accurately detects COVID-19. This non-invasive breath test offers a rapid screening method for COVID-19 detection.

Keywords:
COVID-19 diagnosisbreath analysisportable GC-MSsupport vector machinevolatile organic compound

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Computational Biology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents a global health challenge with high mortality.
  • Current diagnostic methods like RT-PCR are costly, time-consuming, and prone to false negatives.
  • There is a critical need for rapid, non-invasive diagnostic tools for effective COVID-19 screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an intelligent system for COVID-19 detection using volatile organic compound (VOC) biomarkers in human breath.
  • To assess the efficacy of machine learning models in identifying COVID-19 infections from breath VOC profiles.
  • To create a user-friendly platform for point-of-care COVID-19 screening.

Main Methods:

  • Collected and analyzed VOC profiles from 122 breath samples (65 COVID-19 positive, 57 controls) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
  • Identified eight VOCs with significant differences between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls (p<0.001).
  • Developed and optimized a support vector machine (SVM) model for COVID-19 prediction, comparing it with other machine learning algorithms.

Main Results:

  • The optimized SVM model achieved high diagnostic performance: 97.3% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, 94.1% specificity, 95.2% precision, and 97.6% F1 score.
  • Eight specific VOCs were identified as significant biomarkers differentiating COVID-19 from control groups.
  • The SVM model outperformed artificial neural network, k-nearest neighbor, and logistic regression models in COVID-19 prediction.

Conclusions:

  • An intelligent system integrating breath VOC analysis and SVM machine learning provides a highly accurate and non-invasive method for COVID-19 detection.
  • The developed breath analysis platform shows significant potential for rapid, point-of-care screening of COVID-19.
  • This approach offers a promising new strategy for clinical application in managing the COVID-19 pandemic.