Preventing and diagnosing HIV-related comorbidities in adolescents

Adolescents with HIV are growing into adulthood and are at risk for comorbidities. Comorbidities in adolescents often go unrecognized, increasing morbidity and mortality, and contributing to poorer outcomes for youth with HIV. Youth with perinatally and nonperinatally acquired HIV are at risk of developing HIV-associated and non-HIV comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, mental health disorders, renal diseases, and bone disorders. Youth with HIV are also at risk for altered fat distribution and weight gain associated with certain classes of antiretroviral therapy. Sexually transmitted infections from inconsistent condom use pose a sexual health challenge for youth with HIV. Prompt interventions through comprehensive history taking, physical exams, regular screening, and prevention and treatment of clinically evident comorbid conditions are needed to prevent progression and complications.