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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen
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Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen

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Probing the dynamic RNA structurome and its functions.

Robert C Spitale1, Danny Incarnato2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. rspitale@uci.edu.

Nature Reviews. Genetics
|November 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA structures are crucial for cellular processes. New methods reveal the dynamic RNA structurome, impacting cell phenotypes and RNA-targeted therapies.

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Using In Vitro and In-cell SHAPE to Investigate Small Molecule Induced Pre-mRNA Structural Changes
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Using In Vitro and In-cell SHAPE to Investigate Small Molecule Induced Pre-mRNA Structural Changes
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RNA molecules regulate nearly all cellular processes.
  • RNA structures are fundamental to their biological functions.
  • The complexity of the transcriptome's structural organization (the RNA structurome) is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the dynamic nature of the RNA structurome.
  • To understand how RNA structures influence cellular functions and phenotypes.
  • To highlight the implications for developing RNA-targeted therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput sequencing-based RNA structure mapping techniques.
  • In vivo structural interrogation of cellular transcriptomes.
  • Analysis of intramolecular and intermolecular RNA interactions.

Main Results:

  • Advanced sequencing methods allow rapid, large-scale RNA structure mapping in vivo.
  • The RNA structurome is a dynamic entity, not static.
  • RNA molecules form complex networks of alternative structures.
  • These structures are dynamically regulated to fine-tune RNA functions.

Conclusions:

  • The dynamic RNA structurome plays a critical role in cellular functions and phenotypes.
  • Understanding RNA structural dynamics is key to advancing RNA-targeted therapies.
  • Future research will focus on the intricate regulation of RNA structures for therapeutic development.