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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery
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Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Published on: September 27, 2024

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[Colorectal cancer].

Cheng Zhang1, Margarete Stampfl-Mattersberger2, Reinhard Ruckser2

  • 12. Medizinische Abteilung, Klinik Donaustadt, Wiener Gesundheitsverbund, Wien, Österreich, Langobardenstraße 122, 1220. cheng.zhang@gesundheitsverbund.at.

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|November 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Colorectal carcinoma is a common cancer with decreasing incidence due to screening and lifestyle changes. Advances in surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy improve survival rates for colorectal cancer patients.

Keywords:
ChemotherapyColonoscopyColorectal cancerOncologyTumor

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Colorectal Cancer Cell Surface Protein Profiling Using an Antibody Microarray and Fluorescence Multiplexing
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Gastroenterology

Context:

  • Colorectal carcinoma represents a significant global health burden, contributing to approximately 10% of cancer-related fatalities worldwide.
  • Screening initiatives, including preventive colonoscopy, have led to a notable reduction in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality over recent decades.
  • Lifestyle factors play a crucial role in the development and prevention of colorectal carcinoma.

Purpose:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of colorectal carcinoma epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To highlight recent advancements in therapeutic strategies for colorectal cancer.

Summary:

  • Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer death globally, but incidence and mortality are declining due to screening and lifestyle modifications.
  • Treatment for localized colorectal cancer often involves surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy.
  • For advanced or systemic disease, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have significantly improved patient survival outcomes.

Impact:

  • This overview offers insights into the current understanding and management of colorectal carcinoma.
  • It emphasizes the importance of early detection and evolving therapeutic approaches in combating colorectal cancer.
  • The article serves as a resource for understanding the epidemiological trends and therapeutic landscape of colorectal cancer.