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S Bhattacharjee1, I Siyad2, B V Maramattom3
1Department of Internal Medicine, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala, India.
Chronic diarrhea is defined as frequent loose stools lasting over four weeks. In high-income countries, doctors often look for conditions like IBS or celiac disease first. In lower-income regions, infections like HIV are more commonly considered. This case report describes a man with chronic diarrhea who was eventually diagnosed with POEMS syndrome. POEMS syndrome is a rare condition that can cause inflammatory colitis and lead to persistent diarrhea. The patient's symptoms partially improved after treatment for POEMS syndrome. This case highlights the importance of considering rare systemic causes when diagnosing chronic diarrhea. The authors suggest that POEMS syndrome should be included in the list of possible causes for unexplained chronic diarrhea.
Area of Science:
Background:
Chronic diarrhea is defined as loose or liquid stools occurring more than three times daily or exceeding 200 g/day for at least four weeks. Prior research has shown that diagnostic approaches vary by region. In high-income countries, conditions like irritable bowel syndrome and celiac disease are prioritized. In lower-income regions, infectious causes such as HIV and bowel cancer are more commonly considered first. No prior work had resolved the rarity of inflammatory colitis linked to POEMS syndrome as a cause of chronic diarrhea. This gap motivated a closer examination of atypical cases. The clinical significance of reactive amyloidosis remains understudied in this context. The diagnostic challenge lies in distinguishing rare systemic causes from more common conditions.
Purpose Of The Study:
The aim of this case report is to highlight the diagnostic complexity of chronic diarrhea. The specific problem addressed is the underrecognition of POEMS syndrome as a cause of persistent gastrointestinal symptoms. The motivation stems from the rarity of this association in clinical literature. The authors propose that inflammatory colitis secondary to POEMS syndrome may be underdiagnosed. This case emphasizes the need for broader diagnostic considerations in unexplained chronic diarrhea. The study seeks to raise awareness among clinicians about rare systemic causes. The authors suggest that POEMS syndrome should be included in differential diagnoses for chronic diarrhea. This case provides a framework for identifying similar presentations.
Main Methods:
The study presents a single case report of a middle-aged man with chronic diarrhea. The approach involves a detailed clinical evaluation and diagnostic workup. The patient's symptoms were evaluated against established criteria for chronic diarrhea. Laboratory tests and imaging were used to rule out common causes. Histopathological examination of bowel biopsies was performed. The diagnosis of POEMS syndrome was confirmed through clinical and laboratory findings. The authors review prior literature on POEMS syndrome-related diarrhea. The case is contextualized within global diagnostic practices for chronic diarrhea.
Main Results:
The patient presented with persistent diarrhea lasting over four weeks. Laboratory findings revealed monoclonal gammopathy and organomegaly. Histopathology showed inflammatory colitis consistent with POEMS syndrome. No evidence of common infectious or malabsorption causes was found. The patient's symptoms resolved partially after treatment for POEMS syndrome. This case is among the few documented instances of POEMS-related diarrhea. The diagnostic delay highlights the rarity of this condition in this context. The findings suggest that POEMS syndrome may be an underrecognized cause of chronic diarrhea.
Conclusions:
The authors propose that inflammatory colitis secondary to POEMS syndrome is a rare but important cause of chronic diarrhea. The study suggests that this condition may be underdiagnosed in clinical practice. The findings indicate that POEMS syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained chronic diarrhea. The authors highlight the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach. The case demonstrates the need for awareness of rare systemic causes of chronic diarrhea. The study suggests that diagnostic algorithms may benefit from including POEMS syndrome. The authors emphasize the variability in diagnostic priorities across different socioeconomic settings. This case contributes to the limited literature on POEMS syndrome-related diarrhea.
The main challenge is distinguishing inflammatory colitis from more common causes like IBS or celiac disease. POEMS-related diarrhea is rare and often missed.
Diagnosis was confirmed through clinical evaluation, monoclonal gammopathy detection, and histopathological findings of inflammatory colitis.
Only a handful of cases have been reported in literature, and it is often overlooked in favor of more common conditions.
Laboratory tests, imaging, and histopathological examination of bowel biopsies were used to exclude infectious and malabsorption causes.
The patient's diarrhea partially resolved after treatment, indicating a possible causal link between POEMS syndrome and gastrointestinal symptoms.
The authors suggest that POEMS syndrome should be included in differential diagnoses for unexplained chronic diarrhea cases.