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Relationship between body composition and bone mass in normal-weight and overweight adolescents
Mateus Augusto Bim1, André de Araujo Pinto2, Hector Cris Colares de Angelo1
1Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
Peerj
|November 9, 2022
Summary
Lean mass (LM) is the primary predictor of bone mass in adolescents, regardless of weight status. Fat mass (FM) also contributes to bone mass in normal-weight teens, highlighting LM as a key marker for adolescent bone health.
Area of Science:
- Adolescent health
- Bone metabolism
- Body composition analysis
Background:
- Adolescence is a critical period for bone mass accumulation.
- Body composition, including lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM), significantly influences bone mass.
- Understanding these relationships is crucial for preventing future bone diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between bone mass and LM/FM in normal-weight and overweight adolescents.
- To consider the influence of sex, sexual maturation, and physical activity on these associations.
- To identify key predictors of bone mass during adolescence.
Main Methods:
- Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), LM, and FM.
- 118 adolescents (10–14 years) were classified as normal-weight or overweight based on BMI.
- Statistical analyses assessed relationships between body composition and bone parameters, controlling for covariates.
Main Results:
- LM was significantly associated with lumbar spine BMC in both normal-weight (β=0.725, p<0.001) and overweight (β=0.736, p<0.001) adolescents.
- FM was associated with lumbar spine BMC (β=0.185, p=0.019) only in normal-weight adolescents.
- LM was the primary predictor of bone mass (BMD and BMC) across both weight groups, while FM's contribution was limited to normal-weight individuals.
Conclusions:
- Lean mass is a crucial determinant of bone mass in adolescents, irrespective of weight status.
- Fat mass plays a role in bone mass accumulation in normal-weight adolescents.
- Promoting LM gain through physical activity is recommended for optimizing adolescent bone health and reducing future fracture risk.
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