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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

Visualization of G-Quadruplexes, i-Motifs and Their Associates.

E V Dubrovin¹, N A Barinov¹, D V Klinov^2,3

¹M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, 119991 Russia.

|November 9, 2022

Summary

This review highlights visualization methods for non-canonical DNA structures like G-quadruplexes and i-motifs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows promise for studying these complex DNA architectures.

Keywords:

(immuno)fluorescence microscopy G-quadruplexes atomic force microscopy i-motifs transmission electron microscopy

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Nanotechnology
Biophysics

Background:

Non-canonical DNA structures, including G-quadruplexes and i-motifs, are gaining attention due to their potential in vivo roles and nanobiotechnology applications.
Understanding the structure and properties of these DNA forms is crucial for their study and application.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and analyze high-resolution visualization methods for G-quadruplexes, i-motifs, and their associates.
To present key specimen preparation techniques for visualizing these structures.
To demonstrate the potential of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in this field.

Main Methods:

Fluorescence microscopy
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

Main Results:

Analysis of various visualization techniques for non-canonical DNA structures.
Presentation of specimen preparation strategies tailored for high-resolution imaging.
Demonstration of AFM's capability in visualizing diverse DNA morphologies like G-wires, G-loops, quadruplexes, and i-motifs.

Conclusions:

High-resolution visualization is essential for studying non-canonical DNA structures and their potential applications.
AFM offers significant potential for visualizing complex non-canonical DNA structures and architectures.
Further exploration of visualization techniques will advance nanobiotechnology and our understanding of DNA's role in vivo.