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Bacterial protein maturation is a tightly regulated process that ensures newly synthesized polypeptides achieve correct functional conformations. This maturation involves a series of modifications, folding events, and quality control steps, often assisted by specialized chaperone proteins.N-Terminal ModificationsThe maturation of bacterial polypeptides begins cotranslationally as the polypeptide exits the ribosome. The first amino acid, N-formylmethionine (fMet), is typically modified at the...
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Methionine oxidation in bacteria: A reversible post-translational modification.

Maxence S Vincent1, Benjamin Ezraty1

  • 1Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France.

Molecular Microbiology
|November 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Methionine oxidation is a reversible protein modification that can damage or activate proteins. This review explores its dual role in bacteria, impacting function and potentially virulence.

Keywords:
antioxidant systembacteriamethionine sulfoxidemethionine sulfoxide reductasesprotein oxidation

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Methionine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, is prone to oxidation within proteins.
  • Methionine oxidation can lead to protein damage or, conversely, activate protein function.
  • Bacterial species possess enzymatic systems to reverse methionine oxidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on methionine oxidation's impact on protein function (loss and gain).
  • To explore methionine oxidation as a regulatory post-translational modification in bacteria.
  • To speculate on methionine oxidation's role as an endogenous antioxidant system and its link to bacterial virulence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Analysis of case studies demonstrating methionine oxidation effects.
  • Speculative discussion based on current understanding of methionine oxidation.

Main Results:

  • Methionine oxidation is a dynamic process influencing protein activity.
  • Examples illustrate both detrimental and beneficial functional changes due to methionine oxidation.
  • Evidence suggests methionine oxidation may serve as a protective antioxidant mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Methionine oxidation is a reversible post-translational modification crucial for bacterial protein regulation.
  • This modification has a dual role, potentially affecting protein function and bacterial virulence.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the multifaceted roles of methionine oxidation in bacteria.