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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

X-Ray Crystallography to Study the Oligomeric State Transition of the Thermotoga maritima M42 Aminopeptidase TmPep1050

X-Ray Crystallography to Study the Oligomeric State Transition of the Thermotoga maritima M42 Aminopeptidase TmPep1050

Published on: May 13, 2020

Structure and Function of TET Enzymes.

Xiaotong Yin¹, Lulu Hu^2,3, Yanhui Xu^4,5,6

¹Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

|November 9, 2022

Summary

Ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to derivatives, playing key roles in DNA demethylation, gene transcription, development, and cancer. This chapter details TET enzyme discovery, function, and regulation.

Keywords:

5caC 5fC 5hmC 5mC DNA demethylation Epigenetic modification TET

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Efficient Purification and LC-MS/MS-based Assay Development for Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 5-Methylcytosine Dioxygenase

Efficient Purification and LC-MS/MS-based Assay Development for Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 5-Methylcytosine Dioxygenase

Published on: October 15, 2018

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Last Updated: Aug 22, 2025

X-Ray Crystallography to Study the Oligomeric State Transition of the Thermotoga maritima M42 Aminopeptidase TmPep1050

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Published on: May 13, 2020

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Efficient Purification and LC-MS/MS-based Assay Development for Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 5-Methylcytosine Dioxygenase

Efficient Purification and LC-MS/MS-based Assay Development for Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 5-Methylcytosine Dioxygenase

Published on: October 15, 2018

Area of Science:

Epigenetics and Molecular Biology
Biochemistry
Genetics

Background:

DNA methylation, primarily 5-methylcytosine (5mC), is crucial for mammalian gene regulation.
Ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes catalyze the oxidation of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC).
These oxidized derivatives and TET enzymes are implicated in critical biological processes like DNA demethylation, gene transcription, embryonic development, and oncogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of TET-mediated 5-methylcytosine oxidation.
To discuss the structure, function, and regulatory mechanisms of TET enzymes.
To explore the roles of TET enzymes and their oxidized derivatives in various biological and pathological contexts.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on TET enzymes and DNA methylation.
Discussion of biochemical mechanisms of 5mC oxidation and demethylation.
Analysis of structural data related to TET enzyme substrate recognition.

Main Results:

Detailed explanation of TET-mediated sequential oxidation of 5mC.
Elucidation of TET enzyme roles in epigenetic reprogramming during pluripotency, embryogenesis, tumorigenesis, and neural system function.
Summary of factors regulating TET activity, including chemical molecules and protein interactions.

Conclusions:

TET enzymes and their oxidized 5mC derivatives are central regulators of epigenetic processes.
Dysregulation of TET activity is linked to significant pathological conditions, notably cancer.
Understanding TET enzyme structure, function, and regulation is vital for advancing fields from developmental biology to oncology.