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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

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In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
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Exceptions to the Octet Rule02:55

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

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Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Synthesis of a Borylated Ibuprofen Derivative Through Suzuki Cross-Coupling and Alkene Boracarboxylation Reactions
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New Boron Delivery Agents.

Annette G Beck-Sickinger1, Daniel P Becker2, Oksana Chepurna3

  • 1Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.

Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals
|November 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are developing boron delivery drugs for neutron capture therapy. These drugs use boron clusters attached to various carriers and can be tracked with imaging for targeted cancer treatment.

Keywords:
BNCTalbuminboron clusterliposomepeptideporphyrin

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiochemistry
  • Nanomedicine

Background:

  • Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an investigational cancer treatment.
  • Effective boron delivery agents are crucial for BNCT efficacy.
  • Recent advancements focus on novel boron compounds and delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on boron delivery agents for BNCT.
  • To highlight advancements discussed at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Workshop on Neutron Capture Therapy.
  • To explore the potential of these agents as theranostic tools.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation of research presented at the NCI Workshop on Neutron Capture Therapy (April 20-22, 2022).
  • Discussion of various boron sources including icosahedral boron clusters.
  • Exploration of different carrier molecules: peptides, proteins, porphyrins, dendrimers, polymers, nanoparticles, and liposomes.

Main Results:

  • Icosahedral boron clusters are commonly used as the boron source.
  • Diverse carriers facilitate targeted delivery and improved pharmacokinetics.
  • Labeling with contrast agents enables imaging (PET, SPECT, fluorescence) for boron quantification.

Conclusions:

  • Boron delivery agents are advancing for BNCT applications.
  • Theranostic capabilities are emerging, allowing simultaneous diagnosis and therapy.
  • Continued research is vital for optimizing boron delivery and BNCT outcomes.