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Hyperammonaemia syndrome in disseminated Ureaplasma parvum infection

Nadiya Brell1,2, Kristen Overton3,2, Milton J Micallef2

  • 1University of New South Wales Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia nadiya.brell@health.nsw.gov.au.

BMJ Case Reports
|November 9, 2022
PubMed

Insights

A rare case of hyperammonaemia syndrome caused by Ureaplasma parvum infection in an immunocompromised patient was successfully treated. Prompt antibiotic therapy led to full neurological recovery, highlighting the importance of identifying and treating this infection.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Hyperammonaemia syndrome is a known complication in lung transplant recipients due to Ureaplasma infection.
  • Disseminated Ureaplasma infections can occur in immunocompromised individuals.

Observation:

  • A male patient in his fifties, immunocompromised due to chronic graft-versus-host disease post-allogeneic stem cell transplant, presented with hyperammonaemia syndrome.
  • The syndrome was attributed to a disseminated Ureaplasma parvum infection, specifically septic arthritis.

Findings:

  • Treatment with ciprofloxacin and doxycycline effectively resolved the Ureaplasma parvum septic arthritis.
  • The patient achieved complete neurological recovery following antibiotic treatment.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a rare cause of hyperammonaemia syndrome in an immunocompromised patient.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment are crucial for managing disseminated Ureaplasma infections and achieving neurological recovery.
  • Long-term suppressive antibiotic therapy may prevent recurrence of symptoms.
Keywords:
Bone and joint infectionsInfectious diseasesMalignant disease and immunosuppression

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