Rational pemetrexed combined with CIK therapy plus anti-PD-1 mAbs administration sequence will effectively promote...

Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are heterogeneous cells composed mainly of CD3⁺CD56⁺ T cells. As an important treatment method of adoptive therapy, it has shown promising efficacy in many clinical trials, especially in combination with multidrug therapy. However, the maximal antitumor efficacy of CIK therapy in the combined administration of multidrug and CIK therapies and which administration scheme can maximize the antitumor efficacy of CIK therapy are still remain unclear. In this study, we observed that pemetrexed administration prior to the injection of CIK cells maximizes the efficacy of CIK therapy. Anti-PD-1 mAbs should be administered prior to CIK cell injection to maximize the efficacy of the therapy. However, administering anti-PD-1 mAbs after CIK cell injection significantly affects the binding rate of anti-PD-1 mAbs to the PD-1 receptor on CIK cells, affecting the efficacy of the antitumor therapy. In conclusion, our study observed that a rational administration sequence of pemetrexed combined with CIK therapy and anti-PD-1 mAbs significantly promotes the efficacy of CIK therapy, providing an experimental basis for the combination therapy mode and regimen of CIK therapy in clinical practice. We hope that this study can provide patients with lung adenocarcinoma with a prolonged survival time.