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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
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The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

Automatic Detection of Highly Organized Theta Oscillations in the Murine EEG
09:35

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Reduced grid-like theta modulation in schizophrenia.

Laura Convertino1,2, Daniel Bush3, Fanfan Zheng4

  • 1UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, UK.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|November 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia patients lack grid-like neural activity in the entorhinal cortex, disrupting spatial navigation. This finding suggests grid cell dysfunction contributes to cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.

Keywords:
entorhinal cortexgrid cellsschizophreniaspatial memory

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Last Updated: Aug 22, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • The hippocampal formation is crucial for spatial and relational cognition.
  • Schizophrenia patients exhibit cognitive deficits and structural brain changes.
  • Grid-like neural activity in the entorhinal cortex supports spatial navigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate disruptions in grid-like neural activity in schizophrenia patients.
  • To determine if entorhinal cortex hexadirectional modulation differs between schizophrenia patients and controls.

Main Methods:

  • 17 schizophrenia patients and 23 healthy controls performed a virtual reality spatial navigation task.
  • Magnetoencephalography (MEG) recorded neural activity during navigation.
  • Analysis focused on theta band oscillatory activity and hexadirectional modulation in the entorhinal cortex.

Main Results:

  • Healthy controls exhibited significant hexadirectional modulation in the right entorhinal cortex, correlated with navigational accuracy.
  • Schizophrenia patients showed an absence of this hexadirectional modulation.
  • A significant difference in entorhinal cortex activity patterns was observed between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Disrupted grid-like firing patterns in the entorhinal cortex may underlie spatial and relational cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
  • This study provides evidence for grid cell dysfunction in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.