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Updated: Aug 22, 2025
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Pathway Linking Obesity to Autoimmune Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis
Published on: February 23, 2024
Additive interaction between dietary inflammatory index and some key risk factors of multiple sclerosis: a
Ibrahim Abdollahpour1, Yahya Salimi2, Saharnaz Nedjat3,4
1Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Background:
Recently, dietary inflammatory index (DII) has been introduced as a significant risk factor for MS. We examined the interaction between dietary inflammatory index and some formerly demonstrated key risk factors of multiple sclerosis (MS).
Material And Methods:
We conducted a population-based incident case-control study of 547 MS cases and 1057 controls. Multiplicative and additive interaction were assessed using interaction term in the logistic regression model and synergy index (SI), respectively.
Results:
Additive interaction was detected between DII and drug abuse (SI = 2.58; 95% CI: 1.14-5.82), gender (SI = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.39-2.87) and history of depression (SI = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.04-2.72) on the risk scale. The risk of MS in drug abusers with DII ≥ 0 was 10.4-times higher than that in non-drug abusers with DII < 0 (OR = 10.4, 95% CI: 5.12-21.02, P < 0.001). We also found that women with DII ≥ 0 had a 9.2 times larger risk compared with the men with DII < 0(OR = 9.2, 95% CI: 6.3-13.5, P < 0.001). Similarly, the risk of MS was remarkably higher in those with a history of depression and DII >0 (OR = 7.6, 95% CI: 5.1-11.5, P < 0.001). There was no evidence of multiplicative interaction between DII and the other risk factors of MS on the risk scale.
Conclusions:
We identified additive interaction between DII and drug abuse, gender and history of depression on MS. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of these detected interactions.
Insights
The dietary inflammatory index (DII) interacts additively with drug abuse, gender, and depression history to increase multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. These interactions highlight potential targets for MS prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Nutrition Science
- Neurology
Background:
- The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is recognized as a significant risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS).
- Understanding the interplay between DII and other established MS risk factors is crucial for developing effective prevention and management strategies.
- This study investigates the interaction between DII and key risk factors for MS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the additive and multiplicative interactions between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and known risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS).
- To quantify the combined effect of DII and factors like drug abuse, gender, and depression on MS risk.
Main Methods:
- A population-based incident case-control study involving 547 MS cases and 1057 controls.
- Logistic regression models were used to assess multiplicative interactions via interaction terms.
- Synergy index (SI) was calculated to evaluate additive interactions on the risk scale.
Main Results:
- Significant additive interactions were found between DII and drug abuse (SI=2.58), gender (SI=2.00), and history of depression (SI=1.68).
- Individuals with a high DII and a history of drug abuse, or who were female, or had a history of depression faced substantially higher MS risks.
- For instance, drug abusers with a DII ≥ 0 had a 10.4-fold increased risk of MS compared to non-drug abusers with a DII < 0.
Conclusions:
- Additive interactions exist between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and drug abuse, gender, and history of depression in relation to multiple sclerosis (MS) risk.
- These findings suggest that dietary patterns, as indicated by DII, can modify the impact of other risk factors on MS.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying these observed interactions.
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