Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

2.6K
Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...
2.6K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

730
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
730
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

3.7K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.7K
Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins02:26

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins

11.1K
Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to...
11.1K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.2K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.2K
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

357
Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
357

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Longitudinal analysis of the gut microbiota during anti-PD-1 therapy reveals stable microbial features of response in melanoma patients.

Cell host & microbe·2024
Same author

Crystal structures of MHC class I complexes reveal the elusive intermediate conformations explored during peptide editing.

Nature communications·2023
Same author

Unusual crystal structures of MHC class I complexes reveal the elusive intermediate conformations explored during peptide editing in antigen presentation.

Research square·2023
Same author

Discovery of the First Selective Nanomolar Inhibitors of ERAP2 by Kinetic Target-Guided Synthesis.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2022
Same author

Intracellular Sequestration of the NKG2D Ligand MIC B by Species F Adenovirus.

Viruses·2021
Same author

Eprinomectin, a novel semi-synthetic macrocylic lactone is cytotoxic to PC3 metastatic prostate cancer cells via inducing apoptosis.

Toxicology and applied pharmacology·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 22, 2025

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
08:23

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

3.7K

SARS-CoV-2 ORF8: One protein, seemingly one structure, and many functions.

Smita Vinjamuri1, Lenong Li1, Marlene Bouvier1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|November 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 protein, unique among viral accessory proteins, interferes with host immunity and immune evasion. Understanding its structure-function relationship is crucial for COVID-19 treatment.

Keywords:
COVID-19MHC class IORF8SARS-CoV-2accessory proteinsantigen presentationimmune evasion

More Related Videos

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance
13:00

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

Published on: June 14, 2022

2.4K
In Vitro Selection of Aptamers to Differentiate Infectious from Non-Infectious Viruses
12:23

In Vitro Selection of Aptamers to Differentiate Infectious from Non-Infectious Viruses

Published on: September 7, 2022

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 22, 2025

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
08:23

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

3.7K
Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance
13:00

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

Published on: June 14, 2022

2.4K
In Vitro Selection of Aptamers to Differentiate Infectious from Non-Infectious Viruses
12:23

In Vitro Selection of Aptamers to Differentiate Infectious from Non-Infectious Viruses

Published on: September 7, 2022

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • SARS-CoV-2 encodes nine accessory proteins, including ORF8, which mediate host-pathogen interactions.
  • SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 is distinct from its SARS-CoV counterpart and may have a bat origin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on the SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 protein.
  • To discuss the structure-function relationship of ORF8.
  • To highlight unanswered questions regarding ORF8's role in COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on SARS-CoV-2 ORF8.
  • Analysis of the x-ray crystal structure of ORF8.
  • Discussion of ORF8's functional interactions with host immune components.

Main Results:

  • ORF8 exhibits low sequence similarity to SARS-CoV ORF8.
  • ORF8 downregulates MHC class I molecules, a potential immune evasion strategy.
  • The x-ray crystal structure reveals an immunoglobulin-like domain with unique features.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 plays a significant role in host immune modulation.
  • Further research into ORF8's structure-function relationship is essential.
  • Understanding ORF8 is vital for developing novel therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.