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Bridge rectifier01:24

Bridge rectifier

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The bridge rectifier is essential in electronics for efficiently converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). Comprised of four diodes configured in a bridge layout, this rectifier effectively processes both the positive and negative halves of the AC waveform, making it superior to half-wave and full-wave center-tapped rectifiers in terms of voltage regulation and output stability.
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The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
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A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
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Full wave rectifier01:22

Full wave rectifier

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A full-wave rectifier is a device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and is more efficient than its half-wave counterpart. It typically includes a center-tapped transformer, two diodes, and a load resistor. The secondary winding of the transformer is divided to provide two equal voltages of opposite polarities, which is the pivotal element of full-wave rectification.
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Carrier generation is the process by which electron-hole pairs (EHPs) are created within the semiconductor. In direct-bandgap semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), this occurs efficiently when energy absorption prompts valence electrons to leap into the conduction band, leaving behind holes.
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Highly-efficient radiative thermal rectifiers based on near-field gap variations.

Bei Yang1,2, Qing Dai1,2

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. daiq@nanoctr.cn.nm.

Nanoscale
|November 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel near-field radiative thermal rectifiers (NFRTRs) using 2D materials. These devices achieve record thermal rectification factors, enabling efficient directional heat transport for advanced thermal management applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Near-field radiative thermal rectifiers (NFRTRs) are crucial for directional heat transport in thermal logic computing, management, and energy conversion.
  • Existing NFRTR designs face efficiency limitations due to reliance on dissimilar materials, hindering optimal spectral matching for radiative heat transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome the limitations of current NFRTR designs by proposing a novel heterostructure approach.
  • To enable high-contrast heat flux modulation through temperature-dependent gap size control.
  • To achieve significantly enhanced thermal rectification factors using 2D materials and polaritons.

Main Methods:

  • Design of heterostructures with symmetric polaritonic layers on a thermally-expanding layer and a rigid substrate, separated by a vacuum gap.
  • Utilizing the thermally-expanding layer to modulate the vacuum gap size in response to temperature bias.
  • Experimental implementation using hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and graphene/hBN materials.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a record-high thermal rectification factor (TRF) of approximately 10^4 with an hBN-based design, even under small thermal gradients (∼20 K).
  • Demonstrated that the thermally-expanding layer effectively modulates heat flux by controlling the gap size.
  • Showcased potential for further enhancement of TRF through polaritonic hybridizations in graphene/hBN designs.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed heterostructure design effectively solves the dilemma of spectral mismatch in NFRTRs.
  • This approach enables high-performance NFRTRs with significantly improved thermal rectification factors.
  • The study opens new avenues for designing advanced NFRTRs utilizing 2D materials and tailored polaritons.