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Genetic predisposition to cancers in children and adolescents

Yoshiko Nakano1,2, Ron Rabinowicz1,2, David Malkin1,2

  • 1Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children.

Current Opinion in Pediatrics
|November 10, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Childhood cancer is often caused by inherited genetic factors. Early detection and tailored treatments for childhood cancer predisposition syndromes significantly improve survival rates and patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Human Genetics
  • Cancer Genomics

Background:

  • Childhood cancer is a leading cause of mortality in children aged 1-14.
  • Inherited genetic factors play a significant role in pediatric cancer development.
  • Cancer predisposition syndromes affect 10-18% of pediatric cancer patients.

Approach:

  • Reviewing current literature on childhood cancer predisposition syndromes.
  • Highlighting diagnostic approaches and genetic counseling strategies.
  • Summarizing surveillance protocols and emerging therapeutic interventions.

Key Points:

  • Genetic susceptibility is a crucial factor in childhood cancer.
  • Advances in technology facilitate the discovery of new cancer predisposition genes and syndromes.
  • Early detection through focused surveillance improves survival in affected children.
  • Tailored treatments and preventative strategies are under development.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cancer predisposition syndromes is vital for pediatric oncology.
  • Genetic counseling and family screening are essential components of management.
  • Ongoing research aims to refine early tumor detection and develop novel therapies for pediatric cancers.
Abstract

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