Electrochemical Biosensors for Pathogen Detection: An Updated Review

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Analytical Chemistry
• Infectious Disease Diagnostics

Background:

• Electrochemical biosensors utilize electrochemical transducers for detecting analytes.
• Significant advancements have been made in electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection.
• These biosensors are crucial for diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and biothreat detection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review biorecognition components for pathogen identification using electrochemical biosensors.
• To discuss transducer integration and electrode modifications in biosensor design.
• To categorize pathogen detection methods based on sample preparation and binding processes.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on biorecognition elements (antibodies, aptamers).
• Analysis of transducer integration and electrode design principles.
• Categorization of pathogen detection strategies.

Main Results:

• Antibodies and aptamers are key biorecognition components.
• Electrode modifications and transducer integration are critical for biosensor performance.
• Electrochemical methods offer advantages in cost and usability over optical methods.

Conclusions:

• Electrochemical biosensors are versatile tools for detecting pathogens in various matrices like food and bodily fluids.
• While simpler and more affordable than optical methods, their sensitivity for infection identification requires improvement.
• Continued development is essential for widespread clinical and environmental applications.