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Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene Quantum Dots Based Biosensor for CD44 Breast Cancer Biomarker
Neeraj Kumar1,2, Shalu Yadav1,2, Mohd Abubakar Sadique1,2
1Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
Biosensors
|November 10, 2022
Summary
A novel electrochemical biosensor using graphene quantum dots (GQDs) offers a sensitive method for early breast cancer detection. This cost-effective biosensor accurately identifies the CD44 antigen in biological samples.
Area of Science:
- Nanomaterials Science
- Biomedical Engineering
- Electrochemistry
Background:
- Early breast cancer diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.
- Biomarker detection, such as cluster of differentiation-44 (CD44) antigen, is key in primary breast cancer diagnosis.
- Development of sensitive and rapid diagnostic tools is essential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an innovative electrochemical biosensor for sensitive detection of the CD44 antigen.
- To utilize eco-friendly synthesized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) for biosensing applications.
- To establish a simple and rapid method for primary breast cancer diagnosis.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) via electrochemical exfoliation of waste dry batteries.
- Characterization of GQDs using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
- Fabrication of the electrochemical biosensor by immobilizing CD44 antibodies onto GQDs.
- Electrochemical analysis using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV).
Main Results:
- Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were successfully synthesized with spherical morphology and an average diameter of 4.75 nm.
- The developed electrochemical biosensor demonstrated high sensitivity for CD44 detection with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 2.11 fg/mL in PBS.
- The biosensor showed a linear response in the range of 0.1 pg/mL to 100.0 ng/mL in PBS and 1.0 pg/mL to 100.0 ng/mL in spiked serum samples, with LODs of 2.11 fg/mL and 2.71 fg/mL, respectively.
Conclusions:
- The synthesized GQDs possess suitable electrochemical properties and a large electroactive surface area for biosensing.
- The developed electrochemical biosensor offers a promising, sensitive, and rapid platform for the primary diagnosis of breast cancer via CD44 detection.
- Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are a viable nanomaterial for advanced biosensing applications.
