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Intelligent Control with Artificial Neural Networks for Automated Insulin Delivery Systems.

João Lucas Correia Barbosa de Farias1, Wallace Moreira Bessa2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A new intelligent controller for artificial pancreas systems effectively regulates blood glucose in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. This model-free approach ensures over 95% time in target glucose range, improving diabetes management.

Keywords:
artificial pancreasautomated insulin deliveryblood glucose regulationintelligent controlneural networksradial basis functions

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Control Systems
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus affects millions globally, necessitating advanced glucose regulation.
  • Artificial pancreas systems using embedded devices offer automated insulin delivery.
  • Existing systems may require dynamic models or patient input for meal times.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a Lyapunov-based intelligent controller for automated insulin delivery.
  • To develop a model-free approach for blood glucose regulation in type 1 diabetes.
  • To demonstrate the controller's effectiveness and safety in virtual patient simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an adaptive radial basis function network for model-free control.
  • Employed Lyapunov-like analysis to ensure control law stability.
  • Conducted in silico simulations with virtual patients under various scenarios.

Main Results:

  • The controller maintained over 95% time in the target glycemic range across all simulations.
  • Achieved excellent long-term blood glucose control: mean 119.59 mg/dL, SD 32.02 mg/dL, CV 26.78%.
  • Demonstrated robustness to inter- and intra-patient variability without mealtime notifications.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed intelligent control scheme effectively regulates blood glucose in type 1 diabetes.
  • This model-free artificial pancreas controller offers a safe and efficient solution for diabetes management.
  • The approach significantly improves glycemic control beyond desirable clinical standards.