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Biofuels

Biofuels

The microbial conversion of organic matter into biofuels holds potential as a renewable energy source. Among biofuel sources, microalgae are recognized as a highly efficient and adaptable feedstock for biodiesel production, owing to their rapid biomass accumulation, elevated lipid productivity, and capacity to proliferate in diverse aquatic systems, including freshwater, marine, and wastewater habitats. Unlike terrestrial crops, microalgae do not compete for land and can achieve significantly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Experimental Protocol for Biodiesel Production with Isolation of Alkenones as Coproducts from Commercial Isochrysis Algal Biomass

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Published on: June 24, 2016

Deep Eutectic Solvents for Biodiesel Purification in a Microextractor: Solvent Preparation, Selection and Process

Sara Anđelović¹, Marko Božinović¹, Željka Ćurić¹

¹Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

|November 10, 2022

Summary

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) offer a sustainable method for purifying biodiesel by removing glycerol. This study optimized DES extraction conditions using mathematical models and experimental design for efficient glycerol removal.

Keywords:

DES biodiesel glycerol extraction microextractor purification

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Area of Science:

Green Chemistry
Chemical Engineering
Biotechnology

Background:

Transesterification is the primary method for biodiesel synthesis.
Glycerol is a major byproduct of transesterification that requires removal for biodiesel purification.
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are emerging as effective and sustainable agents for biodiesel purification.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the use of DES for efficient glycerol extraction from biodiesel.
To determine the optimal conditions for DES-assisted glycerol extraction.
To model and estimate the number of micro-extractors needed for complete glycerol removal.

Main Methods:

Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of sunflower oil and methanol to produce biodiesel.
Preparation and characterization of 12 different DES.
Mathematical modeling to correlate DES properties with glycerol extraction efficiency.
Optimization of extraction parameters (temperature, volume ratio, residence time) using Box-Behnken design in a microsystem.
Integration of mathematical models and experimental data for process scale-up estimation.

Main Results:

Cholinium-based DES with ethylene glycol as a hydrogen bond donor showed high efficiency in glycerol extraction.
Optimal extraction conditions were determined through experimental design.
A mathematical model was developed to predict extraction efficiency based on DES properties and process parameters.
The study estimated the number of micro-extractors required for complete glycerol removal.

Conclusions:

DES provide a viable and sustainable alternative for biodiesel purification.
Optimized DES extraction in a microsystem is effective for glycerol removal.
Mathematical modeling combined with experimental data aids in designing efficient purification processes for biodiesel production.