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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Dental Fluorosis: A Systematic Review
Carlos González-Casamada1, Martina Nevarez-Rascón2, Alfredo Nevarez-Rascón2
1Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico.
Dentistry Journal
|November 10, 2022
Summary
Genetic variations influence dental fluorosis risk. This review identified specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as either increasing (risk factors) or decreasing (protective factors) susceptibility to this condition.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Oral Health
- Environmental Health
Background:
- Genetic factors play a role in individual responses to fluoride exposure.
- Dental fluorosis (DF) is a condition whose susceptibility can be influenced by genetic makeup.
- Understanding these genetic associations is crucial for public health strategies regarding fluoride intake.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with dental fluorosis (DF).
- To determine whether identified SNPs act as risk or protective factors for DF.
- To synthesize current evidence on the genetic basis of DF susceptibility.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of major databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science) up to August 2022.
- Inclusion of human studies analyzing SNP-DF relationships, excluding reviews and meta-analyses.
- Assessment of methodological quality using Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and risk of bias using Cochrane Collaboration's tool.
Main Results:
- Eighteen studies involving 5,625 participants (aged 6-75 years) were included.
- Forty-four percent of the included studies demonstrated high methodological quality.
- SNPs COL1A2, ESR2, DLX1, DLX2, AMBN, TUFT1, TFIP11, miRNA17, and SOD2 were identified as risk factors for DF.
- SNPs ESR1, MMP20, and ENAM were identified as protective factors against DF.
Conclusions:
- Specific alleles and genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms are significantly involved in modulating the risk of developing dental fluorosis.
- These genetic variations can either increase or decrease an individual's susceptibility to DF.
- Further research into these genetic markers may aid in personalized risk assessment and prevention strategies for dental fluorosis.
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