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Complement activation in septic shock patients.

C L Sprung, D R Schultz, E Marcial

    Critical Care Medicine
    |June 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Complement component levels, specifically C3 and Factor B, were lower in septic shock patients who died, suggesting they may predict survival. Corticosteroids did not alter these complement levels in severe septic shock.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Critical Care Medicine

    Background:

    • The complement system plays a crucial role in innate immunity and inflammation.
    • Septic shock involves a dysregulated immune response and complement activation.
    • Understanding complement component levels in septic shock is vital for prognosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess complement system status in severe late septic shock.
    • To investigate the impact of corticosteroids on complement component levels.
    • To explore the relationship between complement levels and patient survival.

    Main Methods:

    • Measured serum levels of complement components C3, C4, and Factor B in 42 septic shock patients.
    • Analyzed correlations between complement levels and duration of shock.
    • Compared complement levels between surviving and non-surviving patients.

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    Main Results:

    • Serum C4 and Factor B levels correlated with C3 levels, with differing correlations based on shock duration (<4h vs. >4h).
    • Significantly lower C3 and Factor B levels were observed in non-survivors compared to survivors (p < .05).
    • Corticosteroid administration did not affect complement component levels in patients with late severe septic shock.

    Conclusions:

    • The alternative complement pathway appears to be activated early in septic shock, while the classical pathway is activated later.
    • C3 and Factor B levels may serve as predictive markers for survival in septic shock patients.
    • Corticosteroids do not appear to modulate complement component levels in this patient cohort.