Clonal hematopoiesis and cardiovascular disease: deciphering interconnections

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Cardiology
• Genetics

Background:

• Cardiovascular and oncological diseases are leading causes of death globally.
• Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is an emerging risk factor for these diseases.
• CH involves the clonal expansion of blood cells due to somatic mutations, common in individuals over 70.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on CH and its link to cardiovascular and hematological diseases.
• To explore the functional mechanisms connecting CH, inflammation, and atherosclerosis.
• To identify research gaps and potential clinical implications of CH.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on CH, cardiovascular disease, and inflammation.
• Analysis of genetic factors (TET2, DNMT3A, ASXL1, JAK2) associated with CH.
• Examination of inflammatory pathways (cytokines, macrophages, inflammasome) in CH.

Main Results:

• CH increases all-cause mortality by 40% and doubles cardiovascular risk.
• Individuals with CH have higher risks and worse outcomes for arteriosclerotic events and heart failure.
• Chronic inflammation and clonal expansion form a cycle, linking CH to cardiovascular pathology.

Conclusions:

• CH is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, independent of overt malignancy.
• Further research is needed to fully understand CH's mechanisms and clinical impact.
• Increased awareness and research into CH could lead to improved patient outcomes and preventative strategies.