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Susceptibility to default effects does not differ by age.

Julia Nolte1, Corinna E Löckenhoff1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Cornell University.

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Decision-making defaults do not affect older adults more than younger adults, contrary to hypotheses. Older individuals were less likely to be influenced by default options, suggesting age does not impact susceptibility to these choice effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Science
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Decision makers often passively accept preselected default options rather than actively rejecting them, a phenomenon known as the 'default effect'.
  • Prior research suggests potential age-related variations in factors influencing default effects, leading to hypotheses of greater susceptibility in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically examine age differences in susceptibility to default effects.
  • To investigate whether older adults are more prone to default effects compared to younger adults.

Main Methods:

  • A representative life span sample (N=500) participated in a preregistered online study.
  • Participants completed a default effect task with opt-out and opt-in conditions, and data on determinants of default effects were collected.
  • Demographic background, personality, socioemotional status, health, and cognitive ability were also assessed.

Main Results:

  • Susceptibility to default effects was observed at both individual and group levels.
  • Contrary to hypotheses, older age did not predict greater susceptibility to defaults; older adults were less likely to endorse determinants of default effect compliance.
  • Identifying as non-Hispanic White, greater perceived endorsement, greater perceived ease, and lower perceived importance of the choice predicted susceptibility to default effects.

Conclusions:

  • Susceptibility to decision defaults does not vary significantly by age.
  • Factors such as perceived ease and importance, along with demographic characteristics like ethnicity, play a role in default effect susceptibility, independent of age.