Dengue Epidemiology in Qatar from 2013-2021: A Retrospective Study

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Public Health
• Vector-borne Diseases

Background:

• Qatar faces potential dengue transmission risk due to immigration and suitable climate for Aedes mosquitoes.
• No indigenous dengue cases exist, but imported cases highlight the need for vigilance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate demographic factors influencing dengue epidemiology in Qatar.
• To analyze dengue disease burden and identify dissemination factors.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of dengue notification data from Qatar's national surveillance system (2013-2021).
• Analysis of dengue incidence and demographic associations.

Main Results:

• 166 dengue fever cases recorded, with incidence rising from 0.7 to 1.5 per 100,000 population (2013-2019).
• Cases predominantly affected males aged 20-50, occurring in hot months; most presented with fever only, no deaths reported.
• Dengue incidence was low among Qatari nationals.

Conclusions:

• Dengue fever disproportionately affects men and has a low incidence in Qatari nationals.
• The potential presence of Aedes aegypti vectors in Qatar poses a risk for local dengue outbreaks.
• Regular vector surveillance is essential to monitor mosquito populations and mitigate risks of mosquito-borne diseases.